How to submit an LLVM bug report

1. Introduction - Got bugs?
2. Crashing Bugs
   - Front-end bugs
   - Compile-time optimization bugs
   - Code generator bugs
3. Miscompilations
4. Incorrect code generation (JIT and LLC)

Written by Chris Lattner and Misha Brukman

Introduction - Got bugs?

If you're working with LLVM and run into a bug, we definitely want to know about it. This document describes what you can do to increase the odds of getting it fixed quickly.

Basically you have to do two things at a minimum. First, decide whether the bug crashes the compiler (or an LLVM pass), or if the compiler is miscompiling the program (i.e., the compiler successfully produces an executable, but it doesn't run right). Based on what type of bug it is, follow the instructions in the linked section to narrow down the bug so that the person who fixes it will be able to find the problem more easily.

Once you have a reduced test-case, go to the LLVM Bug Tracking System and fill out the form with the necessary details (note that you don't need to pick a catagory, just use the "new-bugs" catagory if you're not sure). The bug description should contain the following information:

- All information necessary to reproduce the problem.
- The reduced test-case that triggers the bug.
- The location where you obtained LLVM (if not from our CVS repository).

Thanks for helping us make LLVM better!

Crashing Bugs

More often than not, bugs in the compiler cause it to crash—often due to an assertion failure of some sort. The most important piece of the puzzle is to figure out if it is crashing in the GCC front-end or if it is one of the LLVM libraries (e.g. the optimizer or code generator) that has problems.

To figure out which component is crashing (the front-end, optimizer or code generator), run the `llvm-gcc` command line as you were when the crash occurred, but with the following extra command line options:

- `-O0 -emit-llvm`: If `llvm-gcc` still crashes when passed these options (which disable the optimizer and code generator), then the crash is in the front-end. Jump ahead to the section on front-end bugs.
- `-emit-llvm`: If `llvm-gcc` crashes with this option (which disables the code generator), you found an optimizer bug. Jump ahead to compile-time optimization bugs.
- Otherwise, you have a code generator crash. Jump ahead to code generator bugs.

Front-end bugs

If the problem is in the front-end, you should re-run the same `llvm-gcc` command that resulted in the crash, but add the `-save-temps` option. The compiler will crash again, but it will leave behind a `foo.i` file (containing preprocessed C source code) and possibly `foo.s` for each compiled `foo.c` file. Send us the `foo.i` file, along with the options you passed to llvm-gcc, and a brief description of the error it caused.

The delta tool helps to reduce the preprocessed file down to the smallest amount of code that still replicates the problem. You're encouraged to use delta to reduce the code to make the developers' lives easier. This website has instructions on the best way to use delta.

Compile-time optimization bugs

If you find that a bug crashes in the optimizer, compile your test-case to a `.bc` file by passing "`-emit-llvm -O0 -c -o foo.bc`". Then run:

`opt -std-compile-opts -debug-pass=Arguments foo.bc -disable-output`

This command should do two things: it should print out a list of passes, and then it should crash in the same was as llvm-gcc. If it doesn't crash, please follow the instructions for a front-end bug.

If this does crash, then you should be able to debug this with the following bugpoint command:

`bugpoint foo.bc <list of passes printed by opt>`

Please run this, then file a bug with the instructions and reduced .bc files that bugpoint emits. If something goes wrong with bugpoint, please submit the "foo.bc" file and the list of passes printed by opt.

Code generator bugs

If you find a bug that crashes llvm-gcc in the code generator, compile your source file to a .bc file by passing "`-emit-llvm -c -o foo.bc`" to llvm-gcc (in addition to the options you already pass). Once your have foo.bc, one of the following commands should fail:

1. `llc foo.bc -f`
2. `llc foo.bc -f -relocation-model=pic`
3. `llc foo.bc -f -relocation-model=static`

If none of these crash, please follow the instructions for a front-end bug. If one of these do crash, you should be able to reduce this with one of the following bugpoint command lines (use the one corresponding to the command above that failed):

1. `bugpoint -run-llc foo.bc --tool-args`
2. `bugpoint -run-llc foo.bc --tool-args -relocation-model=pic`
3. `bugpoint -run-llc foo.bc --tool-args -relocation-model=static`

Please run this, then file a bug with the instructions and reduced .bc file that bugpoint emits. If something goes wrong with bugpoint, please submit the "foo.bc" file and the option that llc crashes with.

Miscompilations

If llvm-gcc successfully produces an executable, but that executable doesn't run right, this is either a bug in the code or a bug in the compiler. The first thing to check is to make sure it is not using undefined behavior (e.g. reading a variable before it is defined). In particular, check to see if the program valgrinds clean, passes purify, or some other memory checker tool. Many of the "LLVM bugs" that we have chased down ended up being bugs in the program being compiled, not LLVM.

Once you determine that the program itself is not buggy, you should choose which code generator you wish to compile the program with (e.g. C backend, the JIT, or LLC) and optionally a series of LLVM passes to run. For example:

`bugpoint -run-cbe [... optzn passes ...] file-to-test.bc --args -- [program arguments]`

`bugpoint` will try to narrow down your list of passes to the one pass that causes an error, and simplify the bytecode file as much as it can to assist you. It will print a message letting you know how to reproduce the resulting error.

Incorrect code generation

Similarly to debugging incorrect compilation by mis-behaving passes, you can debug incorrect code generation by either LLC or the JIT, using `bugpoint`. The process `bugpoint` follows in this case is to try to narrow the code down to a function that is miscompiled by one or the other method, but since for correctness, the entire program must be run, `bugpoint` will compile the code it deems to not be affected with the C Backend, and then link in the shared object it generates.

To debug the JIT:

    bugpoint -run-jit -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file]  \
             --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to lli]               \
             --args -- [program arguments]

Similarly, to debug the LLC, one would run:

    bugpoint -run-llc -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file]  \
             --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to llc]               \
             --args -- [program arguments]

Special note: if you are debugging MultiSource or SPEC tests that already exist in the `llvm/test` hierarchy, there is an easier way to debug the JIT, LLC, and CBE, using the pre-written Makefile targets, which will pass the program options specified in the Makefiles:

`cd llvm/test/../../program
make bugpoint-jit`

At the end of a successful `bugpoint` run, you will be presented with two bytecode files: a safe file which can be compiled with the C backend and the test file which either LLC or the JIT mis-codegenerates, and thus causes the error.

To reproduce the error that `bugpoint` found, it is sufficient to do the following:

1. Regenerate the shared object from the safe bytecode file:

   `llc -march=c safe.bc -o safe.c
   gcc -shared safe.c -o safe.so`

2. If debugging LLC, compile test bytecode native and link with the shared object:

   `llc test.bc -o test.s -f
   gcc test.s safe.so -o test.llc
   ./test.llc [program options]`

3. If debugging the JIT, load the shared object and supply the test bytecode:

   `lli -load=safe.so test.bc [program options]`