Collector.cpp

//===-- Collector.cpp - Garbage collection infrastructure -----------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file was developed by Gordon Henriksen and is distributed under
// the University of Illinois Open Source License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements target- and collector-independent garbage collection
// infrastructure.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/CodeGen/Collector.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
#include "llvm/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetFrameInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetInstrInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"

using namespace llvm;

namespace {
  
  /// LowerIntrinsics - This pass rewrites calls to the llvm.gcread or
  /// llvm.gcwrite intrinsics, replacing them with simple loads and stores as 
  /// directed by the Collector. It also performs automatic root initialization
  /// and custom intrinsic lowering.
  class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN LowerIntrinsics : public FunctionPass {
    static bool NeedsDefaultLoweringPass(const Collector &C);
    static bool NeedsCustomLoweringPass(const Collector &C);
    static bool CouldBecomeSafePoint(Instruction *I);
    bool PerformDefaultLowering(Function &F, Collector &Coll);
    static bool InsertRootInitializers(Function &F,
                                       AllocaInst **Roots, unsigned Count);
    
  public:
    static char ID;
    
    LowerIntrinsics();
    const char *getPassName() const;
    void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const;
    
    bool doInitialization(Module &M);
    bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
  };
  
  
  /// MachineCodeAnalysis - This is a target-independent pass over the machine 
  /// function representation to identify safe points for the garbage collector
  /// in the machine code. It inserts labels at safe points and populates a
  /// CollectorMetadata record for each function.
  class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN MachineCodeAnalysis : public MachineFunctionPass {
    const TargetMachine *TM;
    CollectorMetadata *MD;
    MachineModuleInfo *MMI;
    const TargetInstrInfo *TII;
    MachineFrameInfo *MFI;
    
    void FindSafePoints(MachineFunction &MF);
    void VisitCallPoint(MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI);
    unsigned InsertLabel(MachineBasicBlock &MBB, 
                         MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI) const;
    
    void FindStackOffsets(MachineFunction &MF);
    
  public:
    static char ID;
    
    MachineCodeAnalysis();
    const char *getPassName() const;
    void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const;
    
    bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF);
  };
  
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Collector::Collector() :
  NeededSafePoints(0),
  CustomReadBarriers(false),
  CustomWriteBarriers(false),
  CustomRoots(false),
  InitRoots(true)
{}

Collector::~Collector() {
  for (iterator I = begin(), E = end(); I != E; ++I)
    delete *I;
  
  Functions.clear();
}
 
bool Collector::initializeCustomLowering(Module &M) { return false; }
 
bool Collector::performCustomLowering(Function &F) {
  cerr << "gc " << getName() << " must override performCustomLowering.\n";
  abort();
  return 0;
}
    
void Collector::beginAssembly(std::ostream &OS, AsmPrinter &AP,
                              const TargetAsmInfo &TAI) {
  // Default is no action.
}
    
void Collector::finishAssembly(std::ostream &OS, AsmPrinter &AP,
                               const TargetAsmInfo &TAI) {
  // Default is no action.
}
 
CollectorMetadata *Collector::insertFunctionMetadata(const Function &F) {
  CollectorMetadata *CM = new CollectorMetadata(F, *this);
  Functions.push_back(CM);
  return CM;
} 

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FunctionPass *llvm::createGCLoweringPass() {
  return new LowerIntrinsics();
}
 
char LowerIntrinsics::ID = 0;

LowerIntrinsics::LowerIntrinsics()
  : FunctionPass((intptr_t)&ID) {}

const char *LowerIntrinsics::getPassName() const {
  return "Lower Garbage Collection Instructions";
}
    
void LowerIntrinsics::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
  FunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
  AU.addRequired<CollectorModuleMetadata>();
}

/// doInitialization - If this module uses the GC intrinsics, find them now.
bool LowerIntrinsics::doInitialization(Module &M) {
  // FIXME: This is rather antisocial in the context of a JIT since it performs
  //        work against the entire module. But this cannot be done at
  //        runFunction time (initializeCustomLowering likely needs to change
  //        the module).
  CollectorModuleMetadata *CMM = getAnalysisToUpdate<CollectorModuleMetadata>();
  assert(CMM && "LowerIntrinsics didn't require CollectorModuleMetadata!?");
  for (Module::iterator I = M.begin(), E = M.end(); I != E; ++I)
    if (I->hasCollector())
      CMM->get(*I); // Instantiate the Collector.
  
  bool MadeChange = false;
  for (CollectorModuleMetadata::iterator I = CMM->begin(),
                                         E = CMM->end(); I != E; ++I)
    if (NeedsCustomLoweringPass(**I))
      if ((*I)->initializeCustomLowering(M))
        MadeChange = true;
  
  return MadeChange;
}

bool LowerIntrinsics::InsertRootInitializers(Function &F, AllocaInst **Roots, 
                                                          unsigned Count) {
  // Scroll past alloca instructions.
  BasicBlock::iterator IP = F.getEntryBlock().begin();
  while (isa<AllocaInst>(IP)) ++IP;
  
  // Search for initializers in the initial BB.
  SmallPtrSet<AllocaInst*,16> InitedRoots;
  for (; !CouldBecomeSafePoint(IP); ++IP)
    if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(IP))
      if (AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(
            IntrinsicInst::StripPointerCasts(SI->getOperand(1))))
        InitedRoots.insert(AI);
  
  // Add root initializers.
  bool MadeChange = false;
  
  for (AllocaInst **I = Roots, **E = Roots + Count; I != E; ++I)
    if (!InitedRoots.count(*I)) {
      new StoreInst(ConstantPointerNull::get(cast<PointerType>(
                      cast<PointerType>((*I)->getType())->getElementType())),
                    *I, IP);
      MadeChange = true;
    }
  
  return MadeChange;
}

bool LowerIntrinsics::NeedsDefaultLoweringPass(const Collector &C) {
  // Default lowering is necessary only if read or write barriers have a default
  // action. The default for roots is no action.
  return !C.customWriteBarrier()
      || !C.customReadBarrier()
      || C.initializeRoots();
}

bool LowerIntrinsics::NeedsCustomLoweringPass(const Collector &C) {
  // Custom lowering is only necessary if enabled for some action.
  return C.customWriteBarrier()
      || C.customReadBarrier()
      || C.customRoots();
}

/// CouldBecomeSafePoint - Predicate to conservatively determine whether the
/// instruction could introduce a safe point.
bool LowerIntrinsics::CouldBecomeSafePoint(Instruction *I) {
  // The natural definition of instructions which could introduce safe points
  // are:
  // 
  //   - call, invoke (AfterCall, BeforeCall)
  //   - phis (Loops)
  //   - invoke, ret, unwind (Exit)
  // 
  // However, instructions as seemingly inoccuous as arithmetic can become
  // libcalls upon lowering (e.g., div i64 on a 32-bit platform), so instead
  // it is necessary to take a conservative approach.
  
  if (isa<AllocaInst>(I) || isa<GetElementPtrInst>(I) ||
      isa<StoreInst>(I) || isa<LoadInst>(I))
    return false;
  
  // llvm.gcroot is safe because it doesn't do anything at runtime.
  if (CallInst *CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(I))
    if (Function *F = CI->getCalledFunction())
      if (unsigned IID = F->getIntrinsicID())
        if (IID == Intrinsic::gcroot)
          return false;
  
  return true;
}

/// runOnFunction - Replace gcread/gcwrite intrinsics with loads and stores.
/// Leave gcroot intrinsics; the code generator needs to see those.
bool LowerIntrinsics::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
  // Quick exit for functions that do not use GC.
  if (!F.hasCollector()) return false;
  
  CollectorMetadata &MD = getAnalysis<CollectorModuleMetadata>().get(F);
  Collector &Coll = MD.getCollector();
  
  bool MadeChange = false;
  
  if (NeedsDefaultLoweringPass(Coll))
    MadeChange |= PerformDefaultLowering(F, Coll);
  
  if (NeedsCustomLoweringPass(Coll))
    MadeChange |= Coll.performCustomLowering(F);
  
  return MadeChange;
}

bool LowerIntrinsics::PerformDefaultLowering(Function &F, Collector &Coll) {
  bool LowerWr = !Coll.customWriteBarrier();
  bool LowerRd = !Coll.customReadBarrier();
  bool InitRoots = Coll.initializeRoots();
  
  SmallVector<AllocaInst*,32> Roots;
  
  bool MadeChange = false;
  for (Function::iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB) {
    for (BasicBlock::iterator II = BB->begin(), E = BB->end(); II != E;) {
      if (IntrinsicInst *CI = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(II++)) {
        Function *F = CI->getCalledFunction();
        switch (F->getIntrinsicID()) {
        case Intrinsic::gcwrite:
          if (LowerWr) {
            // Replace a write barrier with a simple store.
            Value *St = new StoreInst(CI->getOperand(1), CI->getOperand(3), CI);
            CI->replaceAllUsesWith(St);
            CI->eraseFromParent();
          }
          break;
        case Intrinsic::gcread:
          if (LowerRd) {
            // Replace a read barrier with a simple load.
            Value *Ld = new LoadInst(CI->getOperand(2), "", CI);
            Ld->takeName(CI);
            CI->replaceAllUsesWith(Ld);
            CI->eraseFromParent();
          }
          break;
        case Intrinsic::gcroot:
          if (InitRoots) {
            // Initialize the GC root, but do not delete the intrinsic. The
            // backend needs the intrinsic to flag the stack slot.
            Roots.push_back(cast<AllocaInst>(
              IntrinsicInst::StripPointerCasts(CI->getOperand(1))));
          }
          break;
        default:
          continue;
        }
        
        MadeChange = true;
      }
    }
  }
  
  if (Roots.size())
    MadeChange |= InsertRootInitializers(F, Roots.begin(), Roots.size());
  
  return MadeChange;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

FunctionPass *llvm::createGCMachineCodeAnalysisPass() {
  return new MachineCodeAnalysis();
}

char MachineCodeAnalysis::ID = 0;

MachineCodeAnalysis::MachineCodeAnalysis()
  : MachineFunctionPass(intptr_t(&ID)) {}

const char *MachineCodeAnalysis::getPassName() const {
  return "Analyze Machine Code For Garbage Collection";
}

void MachineCodeAnalysis::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
  MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
  AU.setPreservesAll();
  AU.addRequired<MachineModuleInfo>();
  AU.addRequired<CollectorModuleMetadata>();
}

unsigned MachineCodeAnalysis::InsertLabel(MachineBasicBlock &MBB, 
                                     MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI) const {
  unsigned Label = MMI->NextLabelID();
  BuildMI(MBB, MI, TII->get(TargetInstrInfo::LABEL)).addImm(Label);
  return Label;
}

void MachineCodeAnalysis::VisitCallPoint(MachineBasicBlock::iterator CI) {
  // Find the return address (next instruction), too, so as to bracket the call
  // instruction.
  MachineBasicBlock::iterator RAI = CI; 
  ++RAI;                                
  
  if (MD->getCollector().needsSafePoint(GC::PreCall))
    MD->addSafePoint(GC::PreCall, InsertLabel(*CI->getParent(), CI));
  
  if (MD->getCollector().needsSafePoint(GC::PostCall))
    MD->addSafePoint(GC::PostCall, InsertLabel(*CI->getParent(), RAI));
}

void MachineCodeAnalysis::FindSafePoints(MachineFunction &MF) {
  for (MachineFunction::iterator BBI = MF.begin(),
                                 BBE = MF.end(); BBI != BBE; ++BBI)
    for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator MI = BBI->begin(),
                                     ME = BBI->end(); MI != ME; ++MI)
      if (TII->isCall(MI->getOpcode()))
        VisitCallPoint(*MI);
}

void MachineCodeAnalysis::FindStackOffsets(MachineFunction &MF) {
  uint64_t StackSize = MFI->getStackSize();
  uint64_t OffsetAdjustment = MFI->getOffsetAdjustment();
  uint64_t OffsetOfLocalArea = TM->getFrameInfo()->getOffsetOfLocalArea();
  
  for (CollectorMetadata::roots_iterator RI = MD->roots_begin(),
                                         RE = MD->roots_end(); RI != RE; ++RI)
    RI->StackOffset = MFI->getObjectOffset(RI->Num) + StackSize
                      - OffsetOfLocalArea + OffsetAdjustment;
}

bool MachineCodeAnalysis::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
  // Quick exit for functions that do not use GC.
  if (!MF.getFunction()->hasCollector()) return false;
  
  MD = &getAnalysis<CollectorModuleMetadata>().get(*MF.getFunction());
  if (!MD->getCollector().needsSafePoints())
    return false;
  
  TM = &MF.getTarget();
  MMI = &getAnalysis<MachineModuleInfo>();
  TII = TM->getInstrInfo();
  MFI = MF.getFrameInfo();
  
  // Find the size of the stack frame.
  MD->setFrameSize(MFI->getStackSize());
  
  // Find all safe points.
  FindSafePoints(MF);
  
  // Find the stack offsets for all roots.
  FindStackOffsets(MF);
  
  return false;
}