LiveVariables.cpp

//===-- LiveVariables.cpp - Live Variable Analysis for Machine Code -------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file was developed by the LLVM research group and is distributed under
// the University of Illinois Open Source License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements the LiveVariable analysis pass.  For each machine
// instruction in the function, this pass calculates the set of registers that
// are immediately dead after the instruction (i.e., the instruction calculates
// the value, but it is never used) and the set of registers that are used by
// the instruction, but are never used after the instruction (i.e., they are
// killed).
//
// This class computes live variables using are sparse implementation based on
// the machine code SSA form.  This class computes live variable information for
// each virtual and _register allocatable_ physical register in a function.  It
// uses the dominance properties of SSA form to efficiently compute live
// variables for virtual registers, and assumes that physical registers are only
// live within a single basic block (allowing it to do a single local analysis
// to resolve physical register lifetimes in each basic block).  If a physical
// register is not register allocatable, it is not tracked.  This is useful for
// things like the stack pointer and condition codes.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/CodeGen/LiveVariables.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
#include "llvm/Target/MRegisterInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetInstrInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DepthFirstIterator.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Config/alloca.h"
#include <algorithm>
using namespace llvm;

static RegisterPass<LiveVariables> X("livevars", "Live Variable Analysis");

void LiveVariables::VarInfo::dump() const {
  cerr << "Register Defined by: ";
  if (DefInst) 
    cerr << *DefInst;
  else
    cerr << "<null>\n";
  cerr << "  Alive in blocks: ";
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = AliveBlocks.size(); i != e; ++i)
    if (AliveBlocks[i]) cerr << i << ", ";
  cerr << "\n  Killed by:";
  if (Kills.empty())
    cerr << " No instructions.\n";
  else {
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
      cerr << "\n    #" << i << ": " << *Kills[i];
    cerr << "\n";
  }
}

LiveVariables::VarInfo &LiveVariables::getVarInfo(unsigned RegIdx) {
  assert(MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(RegIdx) &&
         "getVarInfo: not a virtual register!");
  RegIdx -= MRegisterInfo::FirstVirtualRegister;
  if (RegIdx >= VirtRegInfo.size()) {
    if (RegIdx >= 2*VirtRegInfo.size())
      VirtRegInfo.resize(RegIdx*2);
    else
      VirtRegInfo.resize(2*VirtRegInfo.size());
  }
  return VirtRegInfo[RegIdx];
}

/// registerOverlap - Returns true if register 1 is equal to register 2
/// or if register 1 is equal to any of alias of register 2.
static bool registerOverlap(unsigned Reg1, unsigned Reg2,
                             const MRegisterInfo *RegInfo) {
  bool isVirt1 = MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Reg1);
  bool isVirt2 = MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Reg2);
  if (isVirt1 != isVirt2)
    return false;
  if (Reg1 == Reg2)
    return true;
  else if (isVirt1)
    return false;
  for (const unsigned *AliasSet = RegInfo->getAliasSet(Reg2);
       unsigned Alias = *AliasSet; ++AliasSet) {
    if (Reg1 == Alias)
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

bool LiveVariables::KillsRegister(MachineInstr *MI, unsigned Reg) const {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isKill()) {
      if (registerOverlap(Reg, MO.getReg(), RegInfo))
        return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

bool LiveVariables::RegisterDefIsDead(MachineInstr *MI, unsigned Reg) const {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isDead())
      if (registerOverlap(Reg, MO.getReg(), RegInfo))
        return true;
  }
  return false;
}

bool LiveVariables::ModifiesRegister(MachineInstr *MI, unsigned Reg) const {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isDef()) {
      if (registerOverlap(Reg, MO.getReg(), RegInfo))
        return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void LiveVariables::MarkVirtRegAliveInBlock(VarInfo &VRInfo,
                                            MachineBasicBlock *MBB) {
  unsigned BBNum = MBB->getNumber();

  // Check to see if this basic block is one of the killing blocks.  If so,
  // remove it...
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = VRInfo.Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
    if (VRInfo.Kills[i]->getParent() == MBB) {
      VRInfo.Kills.erase(VRInfo.Kills.begin()+i);  // Erase entry
      break;
    }

  if (MBB == VRInfo.DefInst->getParent()) return;  // Terminate recursion

  if (VRInfo.AliveBlocks.size() <= BBNum)
    VRInfo.AliveBlocks.resize(BBNum+1);  // Make space...

  if (VRInfo.AliveBlocks[BBNum])
    return;  // We already know the block is live

  // Mark the variable known alive in this bb
  VRInfo.AliveBlocks[BBNum] = true;

  for (MachineBasicBlock::const_pred_iterator PI = MBB->pred_begin(),
         E = MBB->pred_end(); PI != E; ++PI)
    MarkVirtRegAliveInBlock(VRInfo, *PI);
}

void LiveVariables::HandleVirtRegUse(VarInfo &VRInfo, MachineBasicBlock *MBB,
                                     MachineInstr *MI) {
  assert(VRInfo.DefInst && "Register use before def!");

  // Check to see if this basic block is already a kill block...
  if (!VRInfo.Kills.empty() && VRInfo.Kills.back()->getParent() == MBB) {
    // Yes, this register is killed in this basic block already.  Increase the
    // live range by updating the kill instruction.
    VRInfo.Kills.back() = MI;
    return;
  }

#ifndef NDEBUG
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = VRInfo.Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
    assert(VRInfo.Kills[i]->getParent() != MBB && "entry should be at end!");
#endif

  assert(MBB != VRInfo.DefInst->getParent() &&
         "Should have kill for defblock!");

  // Add a new kill entry for this basic block.
  VRInfo.Kills.push_back(MI);

  // Update all dominating blocks to mark them known live.
  for (MachineBasicBlock::const_pred_iterator PI = MBB->pred_begin(),
         E = MBB->pred_end(); PI != E; ++PI)
    MarkVirtRegAliveInBlock(VRInfo, *PI);
}

void LiveVariables::addRegisterKilled(unsigned IncomingReg, MachineInstr *MI) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isUse() && MO.getReg() == IncomingReg) {
      MO.setIsKill();
      break;
    }
  }
}

void LiveVariables::addRegisterDead(unsigned IncomingReg, MachineInstr *MI) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isDef() && MO.getReg() == IncomingReg) {
      MO.setIsDead();
      break;
    }
  }
}

void LiveVariables::HandlePhysRegUse(unsigned Reg, MachineInstr *MI) {
  PhysRegInfo[Reg] = MI;
  PhysRegUsed[Reg] = true;

  for (const unsigned *AliasSet = RegInfo->getAliasSet(Reg);
       unsigned Alias = *AliasSet; ++AliasSet) {
    PhysRegInfo[Alias] = MI;
    PhysRegUsed[Alias] = true;
  }
}

void LiveVariables::HandlePhysRegDef(unsigned Reg, MachineInstr *MI) {
  // Does this kill a previous version of this register?
  if (MachineInstr *LastUse = PhysRegInfo[Reg]) {
    if (PhysRegUsed[Reg])
      addRegisterKilled(Reg, LastUse);
    else
      addRegisterDead(Reg, LastUse);
  }
  PhysRegInfo[Reg] = MI;
  PhysRegUsed[Reg] = false;

  for (const unsigned *AliasSet = RegInfo->getAliasSet(Reg);
       unsigned Alias = *AliasSet; ++AliasSet) {
    if (MachineInstr *LastUse = PhysRegInfo[Alias]) {
      if (PhysRegUsed[Alias])
        addRegisterKilled(Alias, LastUse);
      else
        addRegisterDead(Alias, LastUse);
    }
    PhysRegInfo[Alias] = MI;
    PhysRegUsed[Alias] = false;
  }
}

bool LiveVariables::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) {
  const TargetInstrInfo &TII = *MF.getTarget().getInstrInfo();
  RegInfo = MF.getTarget().getRegisterInfo();
  assert(RegInfo && "Target doesn't have register information?");

  AllocatablePhysicalRegisters = RegInfo->getAllocatableSet(MF);

  // PhysRegInfo - Keep track of which instruction was the last use of a
  // physical register.  This is a purely local property, because all physical
  // register references as presumed dead across basic blocks.
  //
  PhysRegInfo = (MachineInstr**)alloca(sizeof(MachineInstr*) *
                                       RegInfo->getNumRegs());
  PhysRegUsed = (bool*)alloca(sizeof(bool)*RegInfo->getNumRegs());
  std::fill(PhysRegInfo, PhysRegInfo+RegInfo->getNumRegs(), (MachineInstr*)0);

  /// Get some space for a respectable number of registers...
  VirtRegInfo.resize(64);

  analyzePHINodes(MF);

  // Calculate live variable information in depth first order on the CFG of the
  // function.  This guarantees that we will see the definition of a virtual
  // register before its uses due to dominance properties of SSA (except for PHI
  // nodes, which are treated as a special case).
  //
  MachineBasicBlock *Entry = MF.begin();
  std::set<MachineBasicBlock*> Visited;
  for (df_ext_iterator<MachineBasicBlock*> DFI = df_ext_begin(Entry, Visited),
         E = df_ext_end(Entry, Visited); DFI != E; ++DFI) {
    MachineBasicBlock *MBB = *DFI;

  // Mark live-in registers as live-in.
    for (MachineBasicBlock::livein_iterator II = MBB->livein_begin(),
           EE = MBB->livein_end(); II != EE; ++II) {
      assert(MRegisterInfo::isPhysicalRegister(*II) &&
             "Cannot have a live-in virtual register!");
      HandlePhysRegDef(*II, 0);
    }

    // Loop over all of the instructions, processing them.
    for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator I = MBB->begin(), E = MBB->end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      MachineInstr *MI = I;

      // Process all of the operands of the instruction...
      unsigned NumOperandsToProcess = MI->getNumOperands();

      // Unless it is a PHI node.  In this case, ONLY process the DEF, not any
      // of the uses.  They will be handled in other basic blocks.
      if (MI->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI)
        NumOperandsToProcess = 1;

      // Process all uses...
      for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumOperandsToProcess; ++i) {
        MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
        if (MO.isRegister() && MO.isUse() && MO.getReg()) {
          if (MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(MO.getReg())){
            HandleVirtRegUse(getVarInfo(MO.getReg()), MBB, MI);
          } else if (MRegisterInfo::isPhysicalRegister(MO.getReg()) &&
                     AllocatablePhysicalRegisters[MO.getReg()]) {
            HandlePhysRegUse(MO.getReg(), MI);
          }
        }
      }

      // Process all defs...
      for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumOperandsToProcess; ++i) {
        MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
        if (MO.isRegister() && MO.isDef() && MO.getReg()) {
          if (MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(MO.getReg())) {
            VarInfo &VRInfo = getVarInfo(MO.getReg());

            assert(VRInfo.DefInst == 0 && "Variable multiply defined!");
            VRInfo.DefInst = MI;
            // Defaults to dead
            VRInfo.Kills.push_back(MI);
          } else if (MRegisterInfo::isPhysicalRegister(MO.getReg()) &&
                     AllocatablePhysicalRegisters[MO.getReg()]) {
            HandlePhysRegDef(MO.getReg(), MI);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Handle any virtual assignments from PHI nodes which might be at the
    // bottom of this basic block.  We check all of our successor blocks to see
    // if they have PHI nodes, and if so, we simulate an assignment at the end
    // of the current block.
    if (!PHIVarInfo[MBB].empty()) {
      std::vector<unsigned>& VarInfoVec = PHIVarInfo[MBB];

      for (std::vector<unsigned>::iterator I = VarInfoVec.begin(),
             E = VarInfoVec.end(); I != E; ++I) {
        VarInfo& VRInfo = getVarInfo(*I);
        assert(VRInfo.DefInst && "Register use before def (or no def)!");

        // Only mark it alive only in the block we are representing.
        MarkVirtRegAliveInBlock(VRInfo, MBB);
      }
    }

    // Finally, if the last instruction in the block is a return, make sure to mark
    // it as using all of the live-out values in the function.
    if (!MBB->empty() && TII.isReturn(MBB->back().getOpcode())) {
      MachineInstr *Ret = &MBB->back();
      for (MachineFunction::liveout_iterator I = MF.liveout_begin(),
             E = MF.liveout_end(); I != E; ++I) {
        assert(MRegisterInfo::isPhysicalRegister(*I) &&
               "Cannot have a live-in virtual register!");
        HandlePhysRegUse(*I, Ret);
        // Add live-out registers as implicit uses.
        Ret->addRegOperand(*I, false, true);
      }
    }

    // Loop over PhysRegInfo, killing any registers that are available at the
    // end of the basic block.  This also resets the PhysRegInfo map.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = RegInfo->getNumRegs(); i != e; ++i)
      if (PhysRegInfo[i])
        HandlePhysRegDef(i, 0);
  }

  // Convert and transfer the dead / killed information we have gathered into
  // VirtRegInfo onto MI's.
  //
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = VirtRegInfo.size(); i != e; ++i)
    for (unsigned j = 0, e = VirtRegInfo[i].Kills.size(); j != e; ++j) {
      if (VirtRegInfo[i].Kills[j] == VirtRegInfo[i].DefInst)
        addRegisterDead(i + MRegisterInfo::FirstVirtualRegister,
                        VirtRegInfo[i].Kills[j]);
      else
        addRegisterKilled(i + MRegisterInfo::FirstVirtualRegister,
                          VirtRegInfo[i].Kills[j]);
    }

  // Check to make sure there are no unreachable blocks in the MC CFG for the
  // function.  If so, it is due to a bug in the instruction selector or some
  // other part of the code generator if this happens.
#ifndef NDEBUG
  for(MachineFunction::iterator i = MF.begin(), e = MF.end(); i != e; ++i)
    assert(Visited.count(&*i) != 0 && "unreachable basic block found");
#endif

  PHIVarInfo.clear();
  return false;
}

/// instructionChanged - When the address of an instruction changes, this
/// method should be called so that live variables can update its internal
/// data structures.  This removes the records for OldMI, transfering them to
/// the records for NewMI.
void LiveVariables::instructionChanged(MachineInstr *OldMI,
                                       MachineInstr *NewMI) {
  // If the instruction defines any virtual registers, update the VarInfo,
  // kill and dead information for the instruction.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = OldMI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = OldMI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isRegister() && MO.getReg() &&
        MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(MO.getReg())) {
      unsigned Reg = MO.getReg();
      VarInfo &VI = getVarInfo(Reg);
      if (MO.isDef()) {
        if (MO.isDead()) {
          MO.unsetIsDead();
          addVirtualRegisterDead(Reg, NewMI);
        }
        // Update the defining instruction.
        if (VI.DefInst == OldMI)
          VI.DefInst = NewMI;
      }
      if (MO.isUse()) {
        if (MO.isKill()) {
          MO.unsetIsKill();
          addVirtualRegisterKilled(Reg, NewMI);
        }
        // If this is a kill of the value, update the VI kills list.
        if (VI.removeKill(OldMI))
          VI.Kills.push_back(NewMI);   // Yes, there was a kill of it
      }
    }
  }
}

/// removeVirtualRegistersKilled - Remove all killed info for the specified
/// instruction.
void LiveVariables::removeVirtualRegistersKilled(MachineInstr *MI) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isKill()) {
      MO.unsetIsKill();
      unsigned Reg = MO.getReg();
      if (MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Reg)) {
        bool removed = getVarInfo(Reg).removeKill(MI);
        assert(removed && "kill not in register's VarInfo?");
      }
    }
  }
}

/// removeVirtualRegistersDead - Remove all of the dead registers for the
/// specified instruction from the live variable information.
void LiveVariables::removeVirtualRegistersDead(MachineInstr *MI) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MI->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    MachineOperand &MO = MI->getOperand(i);
    if (MO.isReg() && MO.isDead()) {
      MO.unsetIsDead();
      unsigned Reg = MO.getReg();
      if (MRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(Reg)) {
        bool removed = getVarInfo(Reg).removeKill(MI);
        assert(removed && "kill not in register's VarInfo?");
      }
    }
  }
}

/// analyzePHINodes - Gather information about the PHI nodes in here. In
/// particular, we want to map the variable information of a virtual
/// register which is used in a PHI node. We map that to the BB the vreg is
/// coming from.
///
void LiveVariables::analyzePHINodes(const MachineFunction& Fn) {
  for (MachineFunction::const_iterator I = Fn.begin(), E = Fn.end();
       I != E; ++I)
    for (MachineBasicBlock::const_iterator BBI = I->begin(), BBE = I->end();
         BBI != BBE && BBI->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI; ++BBI)
      for (unsigned i = 1, e = BBI->getNumOperands(); i != e; i += 2)
        PHIVarInfo[BBI->getOperand(i + 1).getMachineBasicBlock()].
          push_back(BBI->getOperand(i).getReg());
}