Transforms: Clone distinct nodes in metadata mapper unless RF_ReuseAndMutateDistinctMDs

This is a follow up to 22a52dfd and a
revert of df763188.

With this change, we only skip cloning distinct nodes in
MDNodeMapper::mapDistinct if RF_ReuseAndMutateDistinctMDs, dropping the
no-longer-needed local helper `cloneOrBuildODR()`.  Skipping cloning in
other cases is unsound and breaks CloneModule, which is why the textual
IR for PR48841 didn't pass previously. This commit adds the test as:
Transforms/ThinLTOBitcodeWriter/cfi-debug-info-cloned-type-references-global-value.ll

Cloning less often exposed a hole in subprogram cloning in
CloneFunctionInto thanks to df763188's
test ThinLTO/X86/Inputs/dicompositetype-unique-alias.ll. If a function
has a subprogram attachment whose scope is a DICompositeType that
shouldn't be cloned, but it has no internal debug info pointing at that
type, that composite type was being cloned. This commit plugs that hole,
calling DebugInfoFinder::processSubprogram from CloneFunctionInto.

As hinted at in 22a52dfd's commit
message, I think we need to formalize ownership of metadata a bit more
so that ValueMapper/CloneFunctionInto (and similar functions) can deal
with cloning (or not) metadata in a more generic, less fragile way.

This fixes PR48841.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96734