[clang] Add the check of membership in decltype for the issue #58674

D137531 had once fixed the issue. However, it caused a crash during compiling
llvm/unittests/IR/PatternMatch.cpp in stage-2. The reason is the predicator
isDerivedFrom does not consider independent types if the derived type is
dependent.

This patch improves D137531 by adding an option to make isDerivedFrom consider
independent types.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D142437