[ARM] Expand the range of allowed post-incs in load/store optimizer

Currently the load/store optimizer will only fold in increments of the
same size as the load/store. This patch expands that to any legal
immediate for the post-inc instruction.

This is a recommit of 3b34b06f with correctness fixes and extra
tests.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D95885