[flang] Fix errors in tests and predefined modules

There were many places in tests and predefined modules that had
incorrect code that we weren't detecting until now.

Most of the problems were deferred-shape arrays that should have
been implied-shape. For example:
`real, parameter :: a(:) = [1.0, 2.0]`
should have `(*)` rather than `(:)`.

There were also a few places with deferred-shape arrays that were
not allocatable/pointer or explicit-shape ones that were.

Original-commit: flang-compiler/f18@0a959ce1d81dd2e54b72886db699b12c7ad59d88
Reviewed-on: https://github.com/flang-compiler/f18/pull/630