[clang-tidy] Fix readability-redundant-string-init for c++17/c++2a

Summary:
`readability-redundant-string-init` was one of several clang-tidy checks documented as failing for C++17. (The failure mode in C++17 is that it changes `std::string Name = ""`; to `std::string Name = Name;`, which actually compiles but crashes at run-time.)

Analyzing the AST with `clang -Xclang -ast-dump` showed that the outer `CXXConstructExprs` that previously held the correct SourceRange were being elided in C++17/2a, but the containing `VarDecl` expressions still had all the relevant information. So this patch changes the fix to get its source ranges from `VarDecl`.

It adds one test `std::string g = "u", h = "", i = "uuu", j = "", k;` to confirm proper warnings and fixit replacements in a single `DeclStmt` where some strings require replacement and others don't. The readability-redundant-string-init.cpp and readability-redundant-string-init-msvc.cpp tests now pass for C++11/14/17/2a.

Reviewers: gribozavr, etienneb, alexfh, hokein, aaron.ballman, gribozavr2

Patch by: poelmanc

Subscribers: NoQ, MyDeveloperDay, Eugene.Zelenko, dylanmckay, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang, #clang-tools-extra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69238