[WebAssembly] Simplify extract_vector lowering

Summary:
Removes patterns that were not doing useful work, changes the
default extract instructions to be the unsigned versions now that
they are enabled by default, fixes PR44988, and adds tests for
sext_inreg lowering.

Reviewers: aheejin

Reviewed By: aheejin

Subscribers: dschuff, sbc100, jgravelle-google, hiraditya, sunfish, llvm-commits

Tags: #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75005