[CUDA,clang-cl] Filter out unsupported arguments for device-side compilation.

Device-side compilation does not support some features and we need to
filter them out when command line options enable them for the host.

We're already doing this in various places in the regular clang driver,
but clang-cl mode constructs cc1 options independently and needs to
implement the filtering, too.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75310