[clang-tidy] Improving narrowing conversions

Summary:
Newly flagged narrowing conversions:
 - integer to narrower signed integer (this is compiler implementation defined),
 - integer - floating point narrowing conversions,
 - floating point - integer narrowing conversions,
 - constants with narrowing conversions (even in ternary operator).

Reviewers: hokein, alexfh, aaron.ballman, JonasToth

Reviewed By: aaron.ballman, JonasToth

Subscribers: lebedev.ri, courbet, nemanjai, xazax.hun, kbarton, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang-tools-extra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D53488

llvm-svn: 347570