[libc++] Use _EnableIf and __iter_value_type consistently. NFCI.

Specifically, use these metafunctions consistently in areas that are
about to be affected by P1518R2's changes.

This is the NFCI part of https://reviews.llvm.org/D97742 .
The functional-change part is still waiting for P1518R2 to be
officially merged into the working draft.