[NFC][InstCombine] Redundant masking before left-shift (PR42563)

alive proofs:
a,b:     https://rise4fun.com/Alive/4zsf
c,d,e,f: https://rise4fun.com/Alive/RC49

Indeed, not all of these patterns are canonical.
But since this fold will only produce a single instruction
i'm really interested in handling even uncanonical patterns.

Other than these 6 patterns, i can't think of any other
reasonable variants right now, although i'm sure they exist.

For now let's start with patterns where both shift amounts are variable,
with trivial constant "offset" between them, since i believe this is
both simplest to handle and i think this is most common.
But again, there are likely other variants where we could use
ValueTracking/ConstantRange to handle more cases.

https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42563

llvm-svn: 365641