[dsymutil] Implement ODR uniquing for C++ code.

This optimization allows the DWARF linker to reuse definition of
types it has emitted in previous CUs rather than reemitting them
in each CU that references them. The size and link time gains are
huge. For example when linking the DWARF for a debug build of
clang, this generates a ~150M dwarf file instead of a ~700M one
(the numbers date back a bit and must not be totally accurate
these days).

As with all the other parts of the llvm-dsymutil codebase, the
goal is to keep bit-for-bit compatibility with dsymutil-classic.
The code is littered with a lot of FIXMEs that should be
addressed once we can get rid of the compatibilty goal.

llvm-svn: 242847