[LiveDebugValues] Install an implementation-picking LiveDebugValues pass

This patch renames the current LiveDebugValues class to "VarLocBasedLDV"
and removes the pass-registration code from it. It creates a separate
LiveDebugValues class that deals with pass registration and management,
that calls through to VarLocBasedLDV::ExtendRanges when
runOnMachineFunction is called. This is done through the "LDVImpl"
abstract class, so that a future patch can install the new
instruction-referencing LiveDebugValues implementation and have it
picked at runtime.

No functional change is intended, just shuffling responsibilities.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D83046