scudo: Add support for diagnosing memory errors when memory tagging is enabled.

Introduce a function __scudo_get_error_info() that may be called to interpret
a crash resulting from a memory error, potentially in another process,
given information extracted from the crashing process. The crash may be
interpreted as a use-after-free, buffer overflow or buffer underflow.

Also introduce a feature to optionally record a stack trace for each
allocation and deallocation. If this feature is enabled, a stack trace for
the allocation and (if applicable) the deallocation will also be available
via __scudo_get_error_info().

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D77283