[Clang] Move assembler into a separate file

This change adds an AssemblerInvocation class, similar to the
CompilerInvocation class. It can be used to invoke cc1as directly.

The project I'm working on wants to compile Clang and use it as a static
library. For that to work, there must be a way to invoke the assembler
programmatically, using the same arguments as you would otherwise pass
to cc1as.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D63852