[DebugInfo] Introduce GNU macro extension entry encodings

This is a preparatory patch for allowing the GNU .debug_macro extension,
which is a precursor to the DWARF 5 format, to be emitted by LLVM for
earlier DWARF versions.

The entries share the same encoding and behavior as in DWARF5; there are
just more entries in the DWARF 5 format. Therefore, we could have used
those existing DWARF 5 entries, but I think that explicitly referring to
the GNU macro variants makes the code more clear.

The defines that this patch introduces can be found in GCC in the dwarf2.h header:
  https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=blob;
  f=include/dwarf2.h;
  h=0b6facfd4cf4c02320c7328114231b128ab42d5e;
  hb=dccbf1e2a6e544f71b4a5795f0c79015db019fc3#l425

Reviewed By: dblaikie

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D82972