[InstCombine] Factor the logic for propagating !nonnull and !range

metadata out of InstCombine and into helpers.

NFC, this just exposes the logic used by InstCombine when propagating
metadata from one load instruction to another. The plan is to use this
in SROA to address PR32902.

If anyone has better ideas about how to factor this or name variables,
I'm all ears, but this seemed like a pretty good start and lets us make
progress on the PR.

This is based on a patch by Ariel Ben-Yehuda (D34285).

llvm-svn: 306267