[clangd] Change FSProvider::getFileSystem to take CurrentWorkingDirectory

Summary:
We've faced a couple of problems when the returned FS didn't have the
proper working directory. New signature makes the API safer against such
problems.

Reviewers: sammccall

Subscribers: ilya-biryukov, MaskRay, jkorous, arphaman, usaxena95, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81920