[SCEV] Teach SCEVExpander to expand BinPow

Current implementation of SCEVExpander demonstrates a very naive behavior when
it deals with power calculation. For example, a SCEV for x^8 looks like

  (x * x * x * x * x * x * x * x)

If we try to expand it, it generates a very straightforward sequence of muls, like:

  x2 = mul x, x
  x3 = mul x2, x
  x4 = mul x3, x
      ...
  x8 = mul x7, x

This is a non-efficient way of doing that. A better way is to generate a sequence of
binary power calculation. In this case the expanded calculation will look like:

  x2 = mul x, x
  x4 = mul x2, x2
  x8 = mul x4, x4

In some cases the code size reduction for such SCEVs is dramatic. If we had a loop:

  x = a;
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    x = x * x;

And this loop have been fully unrolled, we have something like:

  x = a;
  x2 = x * x;
  x4 = x2 * x2;
  x8 = x4 * x4;

The SCEV for x8 is the same as in example above, and if we for some reason
want to expand it, we will generate naively 7 multiplications instead of 3.
The BinPow expansion algorithm here allows to keep code size reasonable.

This patch teaches SCEV Expander to generate a sequence of BinPow multiplications
if we have repeating arguments in SCEVMulExpressions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D34025

llvm-svn: 305663