[ValueTracking] Don't do an unchecked shift in ComputeNumSignBits

Summary:
Previously we used to return a bogus result, 0, for IR like `ashr %val,
-1`.

I've also added an assert checking that `ComputeNumSignBits` at least
returns 1.  That assert found an already checked in test case where we
were returning a bad result for `ashr %val, -1`.

Fixes PR32045.

Reviewers: spatel, majnemer

Reviewed By: spatel, majnemer

Subscribers: efriedma, mcrosier, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D30311

llvm-svn: 296273