[mlir][py] Fix python modules build with clang-cl due to requiring exceptions

The generator expression previously used to enable exceptions would not work since the compiler id of clang-cl is Clang, even if used via clang-cl.

The patch fixes that by replacing the generator expression with simple logic, setting the right compiler flags for all MSVC like compilers (including clang-cl) and all GCC like compilers.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D141155