[NFC][InstCombine] Add tests for PHI CSE

As discussed in https://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-commits/Week-of-Mon-20200824/824235.html
even though it seems worthwhile doing so in InstSimplify,
we really can't do that there, because the other PHI wouldn't be
def-reachable from the original PHI.

So ignoring whether or not EarlyCSE should also know to do this,
InstCombine is the place.