[clang][cli] NFC: Remove ArgList infrastructure for recording queries

This patch removes the infrastructure for recording queries in `ArgList`, partially reverting D94472.

The infrastructure was used during command line round-trip to determine which arguments should a certain subset of `CompilerInvocation` generate.

Since D96280, the command line arguments are being generated all at once, making this code no longer necessary.

Reviewed By: dexonsmith

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96325