[Attributor][FIX] Sanitize queries to LVI and ScalarEvolution

When we talk to outside analyse, e.g., LVI and ScalarEvolution, we need
to be careful with the query. The particular error occurred because we
folded a PHI node before the LVI query but the context location was now
not dominated by the value anymore. This is not supported by LVI so we
have to filter these situations before we query the outside analyses.