[libc] fix strtof/d/ld NaN parsing

Fix the fact that previously strtof/d/ld would only accept a NaN as
having parentheses if the thing in the parentheses was a valid number,
now it will accept any combination of letters and numbers, but will only
put valid numbers in the mantissa.

Reviewed By: sivachandra

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113790