[InstCombine] avoid infinite loop from shuffle-extract-insert sequence (PR30923)

Removing the limitation in visitInsertElementInst() causes several regressions
because we're not prepared to fold sequences of shuffles or inserts and extracts
separated by shuffles. Fixing that appears to be a difficult mission because we
are purposely trying to avoid creating shuffles with arbitrary shuffle masks
because some targets may choke on those.

https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=30923

llvm-svn: 286423