[CFI] Add CFI-icall pointer type generalization

Summary:
This change allows generalizing pointers in type signatures used for
cfi-icall by enabling the -fsanitize-cfi-icall-generalize-pointers flag.
This works by 1) emitting an additional generalized type signature
metadata node for functions and 2) llvm.type.test()ing for the
generalized type for translation units with the flag specified.

This flag is incompatible with -fsanitize-cfi-cross-dso because it would
require emitting twice as many type hashes which would increase artifact
size.

Reviewers: pcc, eugenis

Reviewed By: pcc

Subscribers: kcc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D39358

llvm-svn: 317044