IR: Do not consider available_externally linkage to be linker-weak.

From the linker's perspective, an available_externally global is equivalent
to an external declaration (per isDeclarationForLinker()), so it is incorrect
to consider it to be a weak definition.

Also clean up some logic in the dead argument elimination pass and clarify
its comments to better explain how its behavior depends on linkage,
introduce GlobalValue::isStrongDefinitionForLinker() and start using
it throughout the optimizers and backend.

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D10941

llvm-svn: 241413