[MS ABI] Explicit specialization of static data members are weak

Normally, explicit specializations are treated like strong external
definitions.  However, MSVC treats explicit specializations of static
data members as weak.  MSVC 2013's <regex> implementation has such an
explicit specialization which leads to clang emitting a strong
definition in each translation unit which includes it.  Tweak clang's
linkage calculation to give such entities GVA_StrongODR linkage instead.

This fixes PR24165.

llvm-svn: 242592