IR: add optional type to 'byval' function parameters

When we switch to opaque pointer types we will need some way to describe
how many bytes a 'byval' parameter should occupy on the stack. This adds
a (for now) optional extra type parameter.

If present, the type must match the pointee type of the argument.

Note to front-end maintainers: if this causes test failures, it's probably
because the "byval" attribute is printed after attributes without any parameter
after this change.

llvm-svn: 362012