[SCEV][NFC] More efficient caching in CompareValueComplexity

Currently, we use a set of pairs to cache responces like `CompareValueComplexity(X, Y) == 0`. If we had
proved that `CompareValueComplexity(S1, S2) == 0` and `CompareValueComplexity(S2, S3) == 0`,
this cache does not allow us to prove that `CompareValueComplexity(S1, S3)` is also `0`.

This patch replaces this set with `EquivalenceClasses` that merges Values into equivalence sets so that
any two values from the same set are equal from point of `CompareValueComplexity`. This, in particular,
allows us to prove the fact from example above.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D40429

llvm-svn: 319153