[GlobalISel][Legalizer] Don't use eraseFromParentAndMarkDBGValuesForRemoval() for some artifacts.

For artifacts excluding G_TRUNC/G_SEXT, which have IR counterparts, we don't
seem to have debug users of defs. However, in the legalizer we're always calling
MachineInstr::eraseFromParentAndMarkDBGValuesForRemoval() which is expensive.
In some rare cases, this contributes significantly to unreasonably long compile
times when we have lots of artifact combiner activity.

To verify this, I added asserts to that function when it actually replaced a debug
use operand with undef for these artifacts. On CTMark with both -O0 and -Os and
debug info enabled, I didn't see a single case where it triggered.

In my measurements I saw around a 0.5% geomean compile-time improvement on -g -O0
for AArch64 with this change.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109750