[clangd] Revamp handling of diagnostics.

Summary:
The new implementation attaches notes to diagnostic message and shows
the original diagnostics in the message of the note.

Reviewers: hokein, ioeric, sammccall

Reviewed By: sammccall

Subscribers: klimek, mgorny, cfe-commits, jkorous-apple

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D44142

llvm-svn: 327282