[opaque pointer type] Start migrating GEP creation to explicitly specify the pointee type

I'm just going to migrate these in a pretty ad-hoc & incremental way -
providing the backwards compatible API for now, then locally removing
it, fixing a few callers, adding it back in and commiting those callers.
Rinse, repeat.

The assertions should ensure that if I get this wrong we'll find out
about it and not just have one giant patch to revert, recommit, revert,
recommit, etc.

llvm-svn: 232240