[libcxx] Slightly improved policy for handling experimental features

Summary:
Following the discussion on the libcxx-dev mailing list
(http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/libcxx-dev/2019-May/000358.html),
this implements the new policy for handling experimental features and
their deprecation. We basically add a deprecation warning for
std::experimental::filesystem, and we remove a bunch of <experimental/*>
headers that were now empty.

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: mgorny, christof, jkorous, dexonsmith, arphaman, libcxx-commits, jfb

Tags: #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D62428

llvm-svn: 363072