[SimplifyLibCalls] Turn memchr(const, C, const) into a bitfield check.

strchr("123!", C) != nullptr is a common pattern to check if C is one
of 1, 2, 3 or !. If the largest element of the string is smaller than
the target's register size we can easily create a bitfield and just
do a simple test for set membership.

int foo(char C) { return strchr("123!", C) != nullptr; } now becomes

	cmpl	$64, %edi ## range check
	sbbb	%al, %al
	movabsq	$0xE000200000001, %rcx
	btq	%rdi, %rcx ## bit test
	sbbb	%cl, %cl
	andb	%al, %cl ## and the two conditions
	andb	$1, %cl
	movzbl	%cl, %eax ## returning an int
	ret

(imho the backend should expand this into a series of branches, but
that's a different story)

The code is currently limited to bit fields that fit in a register, so
usually 64 or 32 bits. Sadly, this misses anything using alpha chars
or {}. This could be fixed by just emitting a i128 bit field, but that
can generate really ugly code so we have to find a better way. To some
degree this is also recreating switch lowering logic, but we can't
simply emit a switch instruction and thus change the CFG within
instcombine.

llvm-svn: 232902