[LTO] Print time-passes information at conclusion of LTO codegen

The information collected when requested by -time-passes is only printed when
llvm_shutdown is called at the moment. This means that when linking against the LTO
library dynamically and using the C interface, it is not possible to see the timing
information, because llvm_shutdown cannot be called. This change modifies the LTO
code generation functions for both regular LTO and thin LTO to explicitly print and
reset the timing information.

I have tested that this works with our proprietary linker. However, as this relies
on a specific method of building and linking against the LTO library, I'm not sure
how or if this can be tested in the LLVM testsuite.

Reviewed by: mehdi_amini

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D32803

llvm-svn: 303152