[libObject, llvm-readobj] - Reimplement `ELFFile<ELFT>::getEntry`.

Currently, `ELFFile<ELFT>::getEntry` does not check an index of
an entry. Because of that the code might read past the end of the symbol
table silently. I've added a test to `llvm-readobj\ELF\relocations.test`
to demonstrate the possible issue. Also, I've added a unit test for
this method.

After this change, `getEntry` stops reporting the section index and
reuses the `getSectionContentsAsArray` method, which already has
all the validation needed. Our related warnings now provide
more and better context sometimes.

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D93209