Re-land r334313 "[asan] Instrument comdat globals on COFF targets"

If we can use comdats, then we can make it so that the global metadata
is thrown away if the prevailing definition of the global was
uninstrumented. I have only tested this on COFF targets, but in theory,
there is no reason that we cannot also do this for ELF.

This will allow us to re-enable string merging with ASan on Windows,
reducing the binary size cost of ASan on Windows.

I tested this change with ASan+PGO, and I fixed an issue with the
__llvm_profile_raw_version symbol. With the old version of my patch, we
would attempt to instrument that symbol on ELF because it had a comdat
with external linkage. If we had been using the linker GC-friendly
metadata scheme, everything would have worked, but clang does not enable
it by default.

llvm-svn: 340232