[libc++] Fix __wrap_iter to be a proper contiguous iterator.

Instead of overloading `__to_address`, let's specialize `pointer_traits`.
Function overloads need to be in scope at the point where they're called,
whereas template specializations do not. (User code can provide pointer_traits
specializations to be used by already-included library code, so obviously
`__wrap_iter` can do the same.)

`pointer_traits<__wrap_iter<It>>` cannot provide `pointer_to`, because
you generally cannot create a `__wrap_iter` without also knowing the
identity of the container into which you're trying to create an iterator.
I believe this is OK; contiguous iterators are required to provide
`to_address` but *not* necessarily `pointer_to`.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D110198