[libc++] [P0325] Implement to_array from LFTS with updates.

Summary:
This patch implements https://wg21.link/P0325.
Please mind that at it is my first contribution to libc++, so I may have forgotten to abide to some conventions.

Reviewers: EricWF, mclow.lists, ldionne, lichray

Reviewed By: ldionne, lichray

Subscribers: lichray, dexonsmith, zoecarver, christof, ldionne, libcxx-commits

Tags: #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69882