[mlir][Asm] Add support for using an alias for trailing operation locations

Locations often get very long and clutter up operations when printed inline with them. This revision adds support for using aliases with trailing operation locations, and makes printing with aliases the default behavior. Aliases in the trailing location take the form `loc(<alias>)`, such as `loc(#loc0)`. As with all aliases, using `mlir-print-local-scope` can be used to disable them and get the inline behavior.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D90652