[CMake] Use -isystem flag to access libc++ headers

This is a partial revert of D62155. Rather than copying libc++ headers
into the build directory to be later overwritten by the final headers,
use -isystem flag to access libc++ headers during CMake checks. This
should address the occasional flake we've seen, especially on Windows
builders where CMake fails to overwrite __config with the final version.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D88454