[clang] Add -fdebug-default-version for specifying the default DWARF version

This flag decouples specifying the DWARF version from enabling/disabling
DWARF in general (or the gN level - gmlt/limited/standalone, etc) while
still allowing existing -gdwarf-N flags to override this default.

Patch by Caroline Tice!

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69822