[MLIR] Sketch AffineExpr value type

This CL sketches what it takes for AffineExpr to fully have by-value semantics
and not be a not-so-smart pointer anymore.

This essentially makes the underyling class a simple storage struct and
implements the operations on the value type directly. Since there is no
forwarding of operations anymore, we can full isolate the storage class and
make a hard visibility barrier by moving detail::AffineExpr into
AffineExprDetail.h.

AffineExprDetail.h is only included where storage-related information is
needed.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 216385459