[Clang] Extend the number of case Sema::CheckForIntOverflow covers

Currently Sema::CheckForIntOverflow misses several case that other compilers
diagnose for overflow in integral constant expressions. This includes the
arguments of a CXXConstructExpr as well as the expressions used in an
ArraySubscriptExpr, CXXNewExpr and CompoundLiteralExpr.

This fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/58944

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D137897