[mlir][linalg] Fix vectorization bug in vector transfer indexing map calculation

The current implementation had a bug as it was relying on the target vector
dimension sizes to calculate where to insert broadcast. If several dimensions
have the same size we may insert the broadcast on the wrong dimension. The
correct broadcast cannot be inferred from the type of the source and
destination vector.

Instead when we want to extend transfer ops we calculate an "inverse" map to the
projected permutation and insert broadcast in place of the projected dimensions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101738