[IR] Store attributes that are available "somewhere" (NFC)

I noticed that for some benchmarks we spend quite a bit of time
inside AttributeList::hasAttrSomewhere(), mainly when checking
for the "returned" attribute. Most of the time the attribute will
not be present, in which case this function has to walk through
the whole attribute list and check for the attribute at each index.

This patch adds a cache of all "available somewhere" attributes
inside AttributeListImpl. This makes the structure 12 bytes larger,
but I don't think that's problematic, as attribute lists are uniqued.
Compile-time in terms of instructions retired improves by 0.4% on
average, but >1% for sqlite.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D81867